What are the proper use cases for 301 and 302 redirects?

Use 301 redirects for top-priority pages that you want Google to index first. Use 302 redirects for lower-priority pages which can be indexed later.
Use 301 redirects all the time. There are no proper use cases for 302 redirects.
Use 301 redirects when the change is not permanent. Use 302 redirects when the old URL is moving permanently to the new URL.
Use 301 redirects when the old URL is moving permanently to the new URL. Use 302 redirects when the change is not permanent.

The correct answer is:

Use 301 redirects when the old URL is moving permanently to the new URL. Use 302 redirects when the change is not permanent.